Menopausal Symptoms can be controlled, the Natural Way, with Vitamin D Thesis

Menopausal Symptoms can be controlled, the Natural Way, with Vitamin D and E - Thesis Example The symptoms can start to show up many years earlier (MedlinePlus). A Gallup poll of menopausal women conducted in 2002 revealed the four major reasons for medical attention as hot flashes (70%), night sweats (68%), mood disturbances (50%), and sleep disturbances (48%) (Utian, 2005). An estimated 75% to 85% of menopausal women experience vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats (Ohayon, 2006; Umland, 2008). The pathophysiology of hot flashes is uncertain but it is widely accepted that a dysfunction of the central thermoregulatory centers e.g., hypothalamus caused by certain factors might lead to hot flashes (Shansfelt et al., 2002). Diminishing level of circulating estrogen as a result of waning ovarian function during menopause is believed to cause a narrowing of the thermoregulatory threshold between sweating and shivering in the hypothalamus, leading to hot flashes (North American Menopause Society, NAMS, 2004; Mayo Clinic, 2009). Also, according to Mayo Clinic (200 9), rather than low estrogen levels alone, it could be the withdrawal of estrogen occurring during menopause that causes hot flashes. This is in agreement with the observation that hot flashes are predominant at the initial stages of menopause and do not usually continue throughout the postmenopausal period despite circulating estrogens being low (Sturdee, 2008). Norepinephrine and serotonin have also been implicated in the complex neuroendocrine pathway controlling the thermoregulatory zone (Shanafelt et al., 2002). Hot flashes involve the sudden onset of uncomfortable sensation of intense warmth beginning in the chest and moving to the neck and face, or spreading throughout the body. Anxiety, palpitations, profuse sweating, and red blotching of the skin are accompanying symptoms. Among the women experiencing hot flashes, the severity was reported as mild by 50% of the women, moderate by about 33% of the subjects, and 15% had severe hot flashes (Ohayon et al., 2006). Hot flashes ca n have an adverse effect on a woman’s work capacity, social well being, sleep pattern besides her general perception of health (Shansfelt et al., 2002). More than 81% of women experiencing severe hot flashes regularly had symptoms of chronic insomnia as well (Ohayon et al., 2006) since hot flashes often occur at night and cause sleep disruption. It has recently been observed by Szmuilowicz and Manson (2011) that menopausal hot flashes could be a good sign for the heart. Their study reviewed medical information gathered from 60,000 women who were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and followed for ten years, to determine the relationship between menopause symptoms and cardiovascular events. According to these authors, women who experience severe hot flashes and night sweats may have a lower risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke and death. Their study also revealed that women who experienced symptoms at initial stages of menopause had fewer cardiova scular events than those who experienced hot flashes late in menopause or not at all. The results reported by Szmuilowicz and Manson (2011) assume much importance since menopausal symptoms, being the result of instability of the blood vessels in the skin, have been thought to cause other types of vascular problems as well in women suffering from hot flashes. Vaginal atrophy or the thinning of the vaginal lining

Asks you to research and write up a case study. You must demonstrate Essay

Asks you to research and write up a case study. You must demonstrate relevant academic research and consult your seminar or modu - Essay Example Although the media has helped a lot in connecting the entire globe, there are also huge instances of media violence, which is crippling the entire nation and thus creating moral panics. Going by the social cognitive theory, which takes into account behavioral factors, personal and environmental influences on young minds. The effect of media falls under the non-endogenous environmental factors, which essentially work through observational pattern of learning. Personal factors include one’s wishes and understanding of the self, beliefs and motivations while behavioral factors comprise of the actions of an individual acquired from previous interactions. These three aspects interact with one another with the help of an occurrence called reciprocal determinism (Kirsh, 2009, p.34). In topical times, the different forms of entertainment and media including video games and the Internet render sufficient opportunities to the young population for gaining knowledge through observation. M oreover there are instances about the effects that are being summoned upon the children and adults for high aggression and aggressive modes of behavior when they are exposed to violent senses and images. The main idea in this paper is to portray the way in which â€Å"violence† and aggressions are portrayed by the media and the harmful impact it has on the young population in the form of â€Å"moral panic†, a term coined by Stanley Cohen (Banks, 2004, p. 173). This issue of moral panic arises when the observational learning experience of the young population becomes a threat to the social ethics and well-being. The major issue is the representation of real violence and necessary conflation with regards to the T.V, the film or video games and any other activity, which is designated to be real violent or aggressive. (Andersen, 2008, pp.549-550) Case study: There have been instances of regular killing and murder cases considering mainly the white skinned young females, wh ich has generated sensation in the media world and has created kneejerk legislation. However the case of abduction by the strangers is decreasing but the danger which is getting more pronounced for the children is the abduction of children by the family members who take part in major perpetration, kidnapping and abuse. The UK press has initiated a mass campaigning in the name ‘campaign against paedos’ after the case of the murder of Sarah Pyne who was aged only 8 years in July 2000. Sarah Pyne a very young white skinned girl was kidnapped and then was brutally murdered on 1/7/2000 by Roy Whiting. The murderer was immediately tried and condemned in the court. The kidnap took place from the fields in Kingston Gorse near Littlehampton in the Western part of Sussex where the little girl had been playing. The sudden disappearance of Sarah created a huge ripple in the area and led to massive search being conducted by the police and this has generated enough media interest and attention. Later on, her body was found near Pulborough in a field, which was about 20 miles away from Kingston Gorse on 17th of July. The person Roy Whiting had been the major suspect for the police from the beginning but lack of evidence against him was creating a great impediment for the police to sue the murderer. But later on after the discovery of Sarah’s dress at Goose Green crossroads near Coolham, essential forensic investigations were conducted, which helped the police to charge the person and he was sentenced to lifetime